The conveyor drum is a core power unit in the material transfer system, widely used in industrial production, especially in belt conveyor systems. Its design directly affects the conveying efficiency and stability. Here is an introduction to it:
Types
- Drive Drum: Also known as the transmission drum or front drum, it connects to the power system. Through the friction with the conveyor belt, it drives the belt to run continuously, transmits power to the conveyor belt, and thus drives the entire conveyor line to operate. It is a key component for power transmission. It can drive the conveyor with a single drum, double drums, or multiple drums. A single drum is commonly used in low - power scenarios, and double drums are often selected for underground belt conveyors. To obtain better traction, the surface is often equipped with rubber or ceramic sheaths. The surface types also include bare smooth steel surfaces, herringbone and diamond - patterned rubber - covered surfaces, etc.
- Redirecting Drum: Also known as the guide drum, it is used to change the running direction of the conveyor belt, making the belt form a closed loop. Or it can compress the conveyor belt to increase the wrap angle between it and the drive drum, and can also adjust the tension of the conveyor belt. It is generally arranged below the conveyor belt, opposite to the running direction. When used as a tail drum, it can work with the tension drum of the tension device to make the belt change direction at different angles.
- Nip Drum: Increases the wrap angle of the conveyor belt to improve the traction of the drive drum.
- Tension Drum: Provides appropriate tension for the conveyor belt, and its position is usually adjustable.
- Motorized Drum: Integrates the drum body and the transmission device, and at the same time plays the role of driving and changing the winding direction of the belt. It has a compact structure, light weight, good sealing performance, and is convenient for installation and maintenance. It is suitable for short - distance and light - load scenarios.
Structure
It is usually composed of a cylinder, a bearing seat, a transmission shaft, a rubber - covered layer, a sealing system, etc. The cylinder is mostly made of carbon steel or stainless steel, which determines the bearing strength; the bearing seat is used to fix the bearing and transmit torque; the transmission shaft is often made of 45# steel with high - frequency quenching treatment, which is resistant to bending and fatigue; the rubber - covered layer uses a diamond - shaped or flat rubber - covered surface, which can prevent slipping and reduce noise; the sealing system mostly uses a labyrinth type plus a lip seal, with a protection level of IP65, which can prevent dust and water from entering.
Manufacturing Materials and Surface Treatment
The manufacturing materials include steel plate rolling and welding, cast steel, and cast iron. There are various forms of surface treatment. A smooth - faced drum is suitable for low - power and dry - environment occasions; a rubber - faced drum (such as a herringbone - patterned rubber - faced drum, a diamond - patterned rubber - faced drum) can increase the friction coefficient. The herringbone - patterned rubber - faced drum has good anti - skid and drainage properties but has directionality, and the diamond - patterned rubber - faced drum is suitable for conveyors running in both directions. In addition, there are also treatment methods such as rubber coating, cast rubber, electroplating, Teflon spraying, and tungsten carbide spraying.
Driving Methods
In addition to the built - in motor drive of the motorized drum, there are also gear - driven drums (with an external reducer, large torque, suitable for heavy - load transmission scenarios such as mines and ports) and chain - driven drums (low cost, easy to maintain, commonly used in agricultural machinery and assembly lines).
Application Scenarios
Widely used in material conveying scenarios in various industrial fields such as mines, ports, coal, papermaking, packaging, and logistics distribution centers.
With the development of science and technology, the conveyor drum is moving towards intelligence. Built - in sensors can monitor parameters such as temperature, vibration, and speed in real - time to achieve proactive preventive maintenance; the application of new materials also makes the drum more green and environmentally friendly while ensuring performance.
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