Introduction to Rubber Conveyor Belts
Rubber conveyor belts are strip - shaped products made by compounding rubber with fibers, metals, etc., used for carrying and transporting materials, and are widely applied in industrial production. Here is a detailed introduction:
Structural Composition
- Belt Core: It is the skeleton part, which bears the tensile force. Common types include cotton canvas, nylon canvas, polyester canvas, and steel wire rope core. For example, the longitudinal breaking strength of a cotton canvas belt core is 56KN/m per layer; that of a nylon belt core is 140kn/m per layer.
- Covering Rubber: It is divided into upper covering rubber and lower covering rubber. The upper covering rubber directly contacts the materials and needs to have properties such as wear - resistance, impact - resistance, and resistance to various chemicals; the lower covering rubber mainly serves for wear - resistance and support. The minimum thickness of the upper covering rubber for ordinary conveyor belts and food conveyor belts is 3.0mm, and that of the lower covering rubber is 1.5mm; for heat - resistant, cold - resistant, acid - and alkali - resistant, and oil - resistant conveyor belts, the minimum thickness of the upper covering rubber is 4.5mm, and that of the lower covering rubber is 2.0mm.
Classification
- By Usage Environment and Performance:
- Ordinary Type: Suitable for transporting non - corrosive, non - spiky lumpy, granular, or powdery materials at normal temperature, such as coal and sand.
- Heat - Resistant Type: Used for transporting high - temperature materials, such as sintered ore and hot coke. Depending on the heat - resistant grade, ethylene - propylene - diene monomer rubber or styrene - butadiene rubber is used as the covering rubber.
- Acid - and Alkali - Resistant Type: Applicable to working environments in contact with acids and alkalis, such as in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. The covering rubber is made by blending rubber and plastics and filling with inert materials with excellent acid - and alkali - resistance.
- Oil - Resistant Type: The covering rubber is made of nitrile rubber with a high acrylonitrile content, suitable for transporting oil - containing materials and working environments in contact with various working oils (except fuel oil or solvent oil).
- Flame - Retardant Type: It has flame - retardant properties and can extinguish the flame instantly, used in places with flame - retardant requirements, such as underground coal mines.
- Cold - Resistant Type: It can be used in low - temperature environments and can normally transport materials at temperatures above - 40 degrees Celsius.
- By Belt Core Material:
- Fabric - Core Conveyor Belts: Including cotton canvas conveyor belts, nylon (NN) conveyor belts, polyester (EP) conveyor belts, etc. Nylon and polyester conveyor belts have thin belt bodies, high strength, impact resistance, and large inter - layer adhesion strength, suitable for transporting materials over medium - to - long distances, with high load capacity and at high speeds.
- Steel Wire Rope - Core Conveyor Belts: The belt core is composed of steel wire ropes, featuring high strength, small elongation, good grooving property, and long service life.
Manufacturing Process
Mixing is an important process, with two techniques: one - stage mixing and two - stage mixing. For rubber compounds with a high rubber content, a small amount of synthetic rubber used together with natural rubber, and a small amount of reinforcing and filling agents, the one - stage mixing method is often adopted; for rubber compounds with a combination of natural rubber and a relatively large amount of synthetic rubber and a relatively large amount of reinforcing and filling agents, the two - stage mixing method is used to make the mixing of rubber and compounding agents more uniform. And vulcanization is the final process in the processing of rubber products. Under certain temperature, time, and pressure, the linear macromolecules of the mixed rubber are cross - linked to form a three - dimensional network structure, improving the elasticity, physical, and chemical properties of the rubber.
Application Fields
It is widely used in industries such as mining, metallurgy, iron and steel, coal, hydropower, building materials, chemicals, and food, for the transportation of solid materials, realizing continuous, high - efficiency, and large - inclination transportation. It has the advantages of safe operation, easy use, easy maintenance, and low freight costs.
Connection Methods
There are mechanical joints, cold - glue joints, vulcanization joints, etc. The cold seamless connection technology for multi - layer rubber conveyor belts is suitable for multi - layer, fixed - type rubber conveyor belts with small length changes. Vulcanization joints can make the strength of the connection part of the conveyor belt close to that of the main body, but the operation is relatively complicated.
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