Introduction to Conveyor Belts
Definition and Overview
A conveyor belt, also known as a transport belt, is a product that plays a role in carrying and transporting materials in a belt conveyor. It is usually made by compounding rubber with fiber, metal and other fiber skeleton materials, or by compounding plastic and fabric. It is an important part of the automatic production line.
Development History
- It evolved from a transmission belt. Canvas belts emerged in 1795.
- In 1858, reinforced skeletons were introduced, and a two - layer - skeleton rubber conveyor belt came out in 1868.
- In 1892, the problem of the trough - forming ability of rubber conveyor belts was solved. After that, synthetic fibers were applied, improving the trough - forming ability and strength, and flame - retardant belts were invented.
- In the late 1920s, aramid belts appeared, making ultra - long - distance transportation possible.
Basic Structure
- Cover Layer: It is divided into the upper rubber layer and the lower rubber layer, which are pasted on the outside of the belt core. Rubber formulations with properties such as oil - resistance, abrasion - resistance, cold - resistance, flame - retardance, heat - resistance and ozone - resistance are selected according to the service conditions.
- Belt Core Layer: As the skeleton of the conveyor belt, it is the main body that bears the load. According to the belt strength, cotton canvas, nylon fabric, polyester fabric, aramid fabric, steel wire rope core, etc. can be selected, and it can be made into single - layer or multi - layer.
- Isolation Layer: It is used to bond the belt core, and different formulations are adopted according to different belt cores.
Basic Functions
In an automatic production line, the conveyor belt transports workpieces from one workstation to the next for processing operations. If a pallet fixture is used, in addition to transporting it together with the workpiece to each workstation in turn, the pallet fixture also needs to be transported back from the end of the automatic production line to the beginning. Its structure and performance directly affect the production efficiency of the automatic production line, and improving the reliability of the conveying device is a key link to ensure the normal operation of the automatic production line.
Classification
- By Style: Roller - type (such as free - conveying type and driven roller type), chain - type (usually used to send the pallet fixture back to the beginning of the automatic production line, and it can work intermittently or continuously), and step - type (intermittently workpieces or pallet fixtures with the help of mechanical or hydraulic mechanisms).
- By Purpose: Including general - purpose belts, as well as conveyor belts specially used for flame - retardant, anti - static, heat - resistant, chemical - resistant, oil - resistant, low - temperature - resistant, food - grade, etc.
- By Surface Shape: Planar type, trough type, deep trough type, corrugated side - wall type, type, partition type, round tube type, flat tube type, embossed type, etc.
- By Belt Core Type: Fabric type (such as cotton canvas, synthetic fiber, etc.), steel type (such as steel wire rope, steel fiber, steel strip, steel wire cord, etc.).
- By Strength: Low - strength (<300kN/m), medium - strength (300 - 1250kN/m), high - strength (>1250kN/m).
- By Working Department: Covering underground mining (mostly high - strength, flame - retardant type for underground use), open - pit mining (mostly reinforced with steel wire cord, high - strength), construction sites (mostly low - and medium - strength), within factories (a variety of low - and medium - strength belts for different purposes), agricultural engineering (cotton canvas, synthetic fiber belts, low - and medium - strength), transportation industry (such as airports, mostly general - purpose belts, mostly planar type), packaging industry (low - strength general - purpose belts), passenger transportation (general - purpose type, steel - type belts, etc.).
Application Fields
It is widely used in many fields such as agriculture, industrial and mining enterprises, transportation, logistics and warehousing, food processing, construction, etc. It is used to transport various solid lumps, powder - like materials or packaged items. It has the characteristics of continuous operation, high efficiency and large - inclination transportation. Moreover, it is safe to operate, easy to use, easy to maintain, and has low freight costs. It can shorten the transportation distance, reduce the project cost, and save manpower and material resources.
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